Viabilidade do escaneamento intraoral no ensino superior em Odontologia em uma universidade pública / Viability of intraoral scanning in dentistry teaching at a public university

O ensino do fluxo digital com escâners na pós-graduação e especialização já é consagrado, mas existe uma lacuna em sua utilização no ensino da graduação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade do escaneamento intraoral no ensino superior em odontologia em uma universidade pública moldagem, através de três diferentes perspectivas: o professor do curso de graduação, o aluno de graduação e o paciente submetido ao procedimento. Foram desenvolvidos e aplicados três questionários distintos aos participantes voluntários, 25 pacientes responderam 18 questões, 27 alunos responderam 7 perguntas e 11 professores responderam 8 questões. Para análise estatística foi realizado o teste de correlação de Pearson entre as percepções nas variáveis envolvendo cada um dos procedimentos, e também foi realizado o teste T (p <0,05). Foi encontrada correlação estatística entrenáusea e tempo de procedimento, e também entre náusea e gosto do material de moldagem. Os resultados descritivos mostraram que os pacientes apresentaram idade variada (7 anos a 73 anos), preferência pelo escaneamento, no procedimento como um todo, tamanho da peça em boca, registro oclusal, tempo clínico, gosto e náusea. Os alunos possuíam idade entre 21 e 31 anos, sendo que 85% precisaram repetir a moldagem e 19 se sentiram parcialmente confortáveis ao moldar. A idade dos professores variou entre 30 e 59 anos. Todos os professores precisaram intervir na moldagem e 81% acreditam que os alunos conseguiram finalizar bem o procedimento. Todos os alunos e professores avaliaram como importante a inserção do escaneamento na graduação. Em relação aos custos da Universidade, o escaneamento demonstrou ter o menor custo devido à quantidade de repetições realizadas na clínica de graduação. A inovação do projeto foi a possibilidade de se comparar custos, conforto e tempo clínico, promovendo impacto em ambientes multidisciplinares e na universidade. Conclui-se que para o paciente o escaneamento foi melhor que a moldagem, e para os alunos e professores, é importante o ensino de novas tecnologias na graduação (AU)

The teaching of digital flow with scanners in postgraduate and specialization courses is already well-established, but there is a gap in its use in undergraduate teaching. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of intraoral scanning in undergraduate dental education at a public university, from three different perspectives: the undergraduate teacher, the undergraduate student and the patient who underwent the procedure. Three different questionnaires were developed and applied to the volunteer participants: 25 patients answered 18 questions, 27 students answered 7 questions and 11 teachers answered 8 questions. For statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation test was carried out between the perceptions of the variables involving each of the procedures, and the T-test was also carried out (p<0.05). A statistical correlation was found between nausea and procedure time, and also between nausea and the taste of the impression material. The descriptive results showed that the patients varied in age (7 years to 73 years), preference for scanning, the procedure as a whole, mouthpiece size, occlusal registration, clinical time, taste and nausea. The students ranged in age from 21 to 31, 85% had to repeat the impression and 19 felt partially comfortable taking the impression. The teachers' ages ranged from 30 to 59. All the teachers had to intervene in the molding and 81% believed that the students were able to finish the procedure well. All the students and teachers considered the introduction of scanning in the undergraduate program to be important. In terms of the university's costs, scanning proved to be the least expensive due to the number of repetitions carried out in the undergraduate clinic. The innovation of the project was the possibility of comparing costs, comfort and clinical time, promoting impact in multidisciplinary environments and at the university. The conclusion is that scanning was better for the patient than impression taking, and for students and teachers, it is important to teach new technologies in undergraduate courses (AU)

Immune-Based Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major public health problem. It is the leading cause of death and disability, especially among children and young adults. The neurobiology basis underlying TBI pathophysiology remains to be fully revealed. Over the past years, emerging evidence has supported the hypothesis that TBI is an inflammatory based condition, paving the way for the development of potential therapeutic targets. There is no treatment capable to prevent or minimize TBIassociated outcomes. Therefore, the search for effective therapies is a priority goal. In this context, animal models have become valuable tools to study molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in TBI pathogenesis as well as novel treatments. Herein, we discuss therapeutic strategies to treat TBI focused on immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory approaches in the pre-clinical setting.

Lamotrigine as a mood stabilizer: insights from the pre-clinical evidence.

INTRODUCTION: Lamotrigine (LTG) is a well-established anticonvulsant that is also approved for the prevention of mood relapses in bipolar disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying LTG mood stabilizing effects remain unclear. Areas covered: Herein, the pre-clinical evidence concerning LTG's' mode of action in depression and mania is reviewed. Bottlenecks and future perspectives for this expanding and promising field are also discussed. Pre-clinical studies have indicated that neurotransmitter systems, especially serotoninergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic, as well as non-neurotransmitter pathways such as inflammation and oxidative processes might play a role in LTG's antidepressant effects. The mechanisms underlying LTG's anti-manic properties remain to be fully explored, but the available pre-clinical evidence points out to the role of glutamatergic neurotransmission, possibly through AMPA-receptors. Expert opinion: A major limitation of current pre-clinical investigations is that there are no experimental models that recapitulate the complexity of bipolar disorder. Significant methodological differences concerning time and dose of LTG treatment, administration route, animal strains, and behavioral paradigms also hamper the reproducibility of the findings, leading to contradictory conclusions. Moreover, the role of other mechanisms (e.g. inositol phosphate and GSK3ß pathways) implicated in the mode of action of different mood-stabilizers must also be consolidated with LTG.

Design, synthesis, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of novel piroxicam analogues.

In this paper we report the design, synthesis, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of a series of benzothiazine N-acylhydrazones 14a­h, planned by structural modification of piroxicam (1), a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Among the synthesized analogues, compounds 14f (LASSBio-1637) and 14g (LASSBio-1639) were identified as novel antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory prototypes, active by oral administration, acting by a mechanism of action that seems to be different from that of piroxicam, since they were inactive as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) at concentrations of 10 mM.